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More fun with codec's

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More fun with codec's

Postby sidd finch » Fri Feb 05, 2010 2:31 pm

I saw this very interesting article on the Videomaker web site

Many different codecs fall under these four basic codec types. The most widely recognized family of codecs is based on MPEG standards. MPEG is an acronym for Moving Picture Experts Group. This is the organization that sets and codifies the standards. There are three primary MPEG formats and a multitude of derivative types.

MPEG-1 is a data stream which reproduces with incredibly high quality. The MP3 (MPEG-1 Layer 3) standard for audio compression, developed by Fraunhofer, is an application for the MPEG-1 data stream - MPEG-1 video does not always include MP3 audio.
Almost all computers and consumer DVD players support both MPEG-1 and the MP3 digital audio encoding formats. One drawback is that MPEG-1 allows only for progressive scanning.

Progressive scanning is a method of storing and displaying moving images where all of the lines of the image are drawn in sequence. This is in contrast to interlaced scanning, where all the odd lines of an image are drawn first, then all of the even lines are drawn. MP3, on the other hand, while lossy and quite small, is the standard for nearly all digital music storage devices, audio players and retail sites. The typical MP3 audio file is created at 128kbits per second, which is around 1/11th of the size of the original audio data that would be on a CD.

MPEG-2 is a very high standard and the only video compression standard used for DVD-video compliant discs. Even though new codecs have been introduced which compress at a higher quality, MPEG-2 is still the standard for DVD production, and it is also an option for Blu-ray Disc creation.

MPEG-4 handles both progressive and interlaced video. It employs better compression techniques than MPEG-2 and, like MPEG-2, it is a widely-accepted compression standard. In fact, there are a number of codecs that are derived from MPEG-4. One of them is the H.264 codec, which is another option for encoding video for Blu-ray Disc, as well as for videos found on the iTunes store. H.264 is a family of standards with great flexibility and a wide variety of applications. H.264 enables compression for high and low bit rates and both high and low video resolutions. Adjusting size allows users to use this same standard for compressing for broadcast, multimedia usage and large file storage.

Another well known codec or family of codecs is WMV, which stands for Windows Media Video. With the glut of Windows users out there, it's no wonder this codec family is so popular.

Originally designed to compress files for internet streaming, WMV was introduced as a competitor to the RealVideo compression codec. Microsoft's WMV 9 has been around for quite some time at this point, and Microsoft claims that it provides a compression ratio that is two times better than MPEG-4 and three times better than MPEG-2. WMV 9 is also the basis of the SMPTE VC-1 video compression standard, which is another format that can be used for encoding video for Blu-ray Disc.

A widely-used codec is the DV codec, which utilizes both raw video and audio data. The popular Mini DV format uses DV25, which runs at 25 megabits per second. When the video is captured to a computer running Windows, it will typically be written to an AVI file; on a Mac, it will typically be written to a QuickTime file. AVI and QuickTime are "containers". The data inside the container is pretty much the same.

So what is a container? The name says a lot. A container is kind of like the wrapping on a present. It refers to the way in which information is stored, but not necessarily how it is coded. For example, QuickTime is a container that wraps around a variety of compression codecs, like MPEG-4, k3g, skm and others.

Enjoy Sidd
"Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it." ..... Ferris Bueller
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Re: More fun with codec's

Postby Steve Grisetti » Fri Feb 05, 2010 5:01 pm

This is nice stuff, Sidd. I'm going to turn it into a stickie.
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Re: More fun with codec's

Postby sidd finch » Fri Feb 05, 2010 7:10 pm

Cool thanks. Steve

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Re: More fun with codec's

Postby Jayell » Sat Feb 06, 2010 11:00 am

Very informative Sidd .. thanks!!
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Re: More fun with codec's

Postby Bill Hunt » Fri Feb 19, 2010 1:45 pm

Sidd,

If you have no problems, I'd like to link your post to an article that I did in the PrE Tips & Tricks sub-forum: http://forums.adobe.com/thread/546811?tstart=0

I think that it would be most useful.

Thanks,

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Re: More fun with codec's

Postby sidd finch » Fri Feb 19, 2010 3:59 pm

Sure no worries, I did get the info from Videomaker website.

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Re: More fun with codec's

Postby Bill Hunt » Fri Feb 19, 2010 8:32 pm

Thanks - good article!

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